How does human action change the water cycle on the planet

The water cycle on the planet, known as the hydrological cycle, is the circulatory process of this vital fluid on the earth. This includes water exchange between the atmosphere, the surface of the world and the underground. Dynamics affect climate and weather conditions.
In a recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, NASA scientists analyzed approximately 20 years of observations to reveal an important and unprecedented change in the natural standards of water circulation, distribution and quality. It is mainly due to human activities and climate change.

In We have created a data assimilation that human intervention is more important than we think, Co Co -Coator Sujay Kumar, a researcher at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, is more important than we think. Discoveries can provide important information to improve water resources management on the planet.

How do changes in the water cycle affect the planet?

In order to context the effects, the fresh water cycle is a closed system, ie,,, The total amount of water in the world remains the sameAlthough distribution and physical state (liquid, solid or gas) vary in time and space. Therefore, changes in this cycle have effects for people around the world.

However, engineers who reflect flood infrastructures or develop dried warning drought indicators often assume that events such as rainfall, dried and floods follow a limited standard based on historical data, and warn the main author of the Winshu Nie article.

In a press release, his colleague Sujay Kumar exhibits a continuous and even prosperous and green vegetation that has a continuous drought, the effects of man on a water cycle in a region of Northern China. This is because rural manufacturers irrigate their soil, pump water from underground reservoirs, and affect some steps of the hydrological cycle. Evapotranspiration and flow.

Collecting data about the fresh water movement on the planet

For the study, data collection has used a distance perception from various NASA satellites and other agencies from 2003 to 2020. The aim was to cross rainfall data, soil moisture, water storage and vegetation.Create environment standards over the years.

The first satellite GPM used was a partnership between NASA and Japanese agency Jaxa for global rainfall. This satellite, which was initiated in 2014, provides data about rain, snow and storms on a global scale.

To watch soil moisture and land storageThe European Space Agency (ESA), which is a common NASA and a German Aviation Center (DLR), the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) and SO -Conred Gravally Realization and Glothery Test (Grace).

The team also used the material produced by Spectoradiometer (MDS), a remote detection tool on NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites. It captures the images of the surface of the world, oceans and atmosphere at different wavelengths and provides information about the health of vegetation.

Different changes were observed in the water cycle

Nie and his colleagues investigated Types of three main changes in the water cycle. These concerns are tendencies referring to the gradual changes that occur over time, such as an example of a decrease in water volume in underground aquifers due to excessive use or lack of charging. Such tendency can lead to exhaustion of basic water resources for communities and ecosystems.

The authors also analyzed a change in seasonality, which can affect natural standards such as early start of the October station or early snow resorption. Such changes can disgrace ecosystems, disrupt agriculture, and affect the water source, Because natural cycles no longer follow historical rhythms.

Finally, theoretically, changes in extreme events such as the increase in the frequency of “100 -year floods”, the phenomena that have a probability of 1% in any year. However, these events become more common due to climate change, which has destructive effects on human infrastructure, economies and lives.

Thinking about human effects on water imbalances

Although it is finite, the water cycle in the world is a complex and interdependent system that controls the movement of the liquid between the atmosphere, the world and the oceans. However, this natural balance has been changed over time with human activities such as agriculture, urbanization and industrial processes.
Because the loop consists of several steps connectedExcessive removal of groundwater for irrigation and urban use causes water depletion by preventing the natural charge of the aquifers. In contrast, it is disrupted by natural supply and flows through rainfall and flow due to changes in the use of soil.

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All these effects are feedback by a climate crisis that results in excessive events that change regional precipitation standards. Increased temperatures accelerate evaporation, disperse water resources unequally and increase famine in some regions. However, the sustainability of fresh water supply, which faces ecosystems, food safety and increasing difficulties.

“We hope that this research will serve as a guide map to evaluate the variability of water resources and to improve the sustainable management of resources, especially in areas where these changes are more important.” Nie.

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