A protein called melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) prevents obesity by detecting overeating and regulating metabolism and appetite. Experiments in rats showed that MC4Rs are concentrated in primary cilia (antenna-like structures) that extend from a pair of hypothalamic neurons in the brain. Additionally, with age, primary cilia shorten, which reduces the number of MC4Rs and leads to weight gain.
According to scientists, there is a similar mechanism in humans. It is also known that as we get older, we become more prone to obesity and overweight.
Obese people have a higher risk of developing diabetes, hyperlipidemia and other chronic diseases. In obese patients, fat tissue produces excessive amounts of leptin. This triggers the chronic effect of melanocortin. Based on the results of the new study, scientists suggest that this may contribute to age-related shortening of MC4R cilia, creating a situation in which melanocortin becomes inactive, increasing the risk of obesity.
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Source: Ferra
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