One of the strange and striking things about the completed human genome was how little it did. It is known that the human genome contains approximately three billion nucleotide pairs. Less than 2% of these (about 20 thousand) are genes that code for proteins that give body cells movement order. What does the rest do?
Some called the rest of the DNA garbage. Some nucleotides in the genome are actually completely inactive, but not all.
Scientists are starting to understand what the rest of the genome does. For them, it performs a regulatory or modifying function. Some liken these DNA sequences to volume knobs that determine the expression of our genes.
Large parts of the dark genome also consist of long, repeated DNA sequences known as transposons. They also play an important role in gene expression and are associated with important stages of evolution, namely a person’s ability to adapt to the environment.
Transposons can also move from one region of the genome to another. This seismicity can lead to genetic mutations and changes. Scientists believe these transposons are associated with tail loss in humans and other great apes. In some cases, they lead to the development of diseases: for example, hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Source: Ferra
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