However, from time immemorial, people have discovered a perpetual motion machine (lat. Perpetuum Mobile), which has remained an unfulfilled dream of the origin of inventors and engineers.

Interest in him is a series of violent outbursts and disappointments. In the end, wiser with knowledge of the laws of physics, she initially delivered her harsh verdict – to create an eternal moving moving moving moving engine. But maybe only for now?

At first glance, physics has nothing against perpetual motion. Recall at least Newton’s First Law: “A material point maintains a state of deficit, or a sudden movement until an external influence does not affect this state.”

perpetual motion machineApproach to designing a perpetual motion machine with humor

No less encouraging is the situation with the reserves of energy in the universe – they are limitless. That’s how it stands, what’s past, so no – “connect” is the same thing, and “refuel” is the voice of Perpetu Mobile. But, alas, nature is so arranged that nothing is given away for free.

Through the pages of Perpetuum Mobile’s history

The circle is a symbol of infinity and perfection, that is, everything that people tried to put into a perpetual motion machine. Therefore, it is deeply symbolic – almost all VERSIONS should form wheels.

Wheel of Bhaskara

India is considered the birthplace of the first Perpetuum Mobile. There, in XII, the mathematics and astronomy of Bhaskar II are calculated and the operation of an unusual mechanism is described, representing its own wheel with fibers attached to it at an angle to the center of the vessel-tubes coated with mercury. With the rotation of dependence on the positions of the heavy rp, it moves along the cosd, when giving it additional fills

perpetual motion machineModel built by prince wheel Bhaskara

The inventor was convinced that after the “promotion” of his miracle wheel no longer stops. It is unlikely that Bhaskara guessed the meaning of his invention, because he was most likely driven by the desire to create a symbol of the eternal cycle of being – samsara.

Nevertheless, this largely philosophical concept with an engineering bent was transformed into a perpetuum mobile scheme, which was adopted by his followers.

Approximately 100 years later, the French architect vilar de honecrl improved the “Indian” wheel, replaced the relay.

Leonardo da Vinci

There is no “project” like Perpetuum Mobile and Genially Leonardo da Vinchi. However, he predicted several of his concepts, including the famous project of a water tower powered by water, which she herself raises, he frankly warned that the prototypes created from them would not work.

Water terrace project by Leonardo da VinciWater terrace project by Leonardo da Vinci

Simon Stevin’s perpetual motion machine

Another inventor of the perpetual motion machine was the Dutch mathematician Simon Stevin. Following his theory, a chain of 14 balls thrown over a triangular prism came to motion, because there are twice as many balls on the left side as on the right, and the balls balance each other. But the insidious laws of physics thwarted Stevin’s plans. Despite the fact that four balls are twice as heavy as two, they roll on a flatter surface, which means that the force of gravity acting on the balls on one side balances the load acting on the balls on the other side.

Simon Stevin's perpetual motion machineStevin’s model and chain implementation

Chasey Cornelius Drebera

At the beginning of the 17th century, the Dutchman Cornelius Drebbel welcomed his vision of a perpetual motion machine – a mechanical clock in the form of a golden globe with automatic winding, thanks to the use of atmospheric pressure drops. It was a real mechanical calendar, showing not only the time, but also the seasons with dates.

Cornelius Dreber's mechanical watchCornelius Dreber’s mechanical watch

Bessler mechanical wheel

By the middle of the 18th century, interest in Perpetuum Mobile began to fade. The authorship of the last classic prototype belongs to the German inventor Johann Ernst Elias Bessler. In November 1717, in the bottom of the premises of the manor’s deputy, Weissenstein about orodes demonstrated p +

According to observations, when the mechanism continued to work, witnesses were sealed in the observations, after almost a month they were opened and, lo and behold, the rotation was spinning.

Bessler mechanical wheelBessler mechanical wheel

However, at the proposal of the Royal Society of London to purchase the device, its creator requested an unbearable amount, and at the request to apply the experience, make a real tantrum. It all ended with the fact that Bessler personally destroyed his offspring.

After 10 years, his secret of such aggressive behavior was revealed by a maid who reported that the sound of “perpetual” movement was an assistant passing through the wall.

It became obvious that the time had come to draw a line, and in 1775 the Paris Academy of Sciences, with its historical justification, decided to no longer accept perpetual motion projects for consideration.

Perpetuum mobile on neodymium magnets

With the advent of unexpected magnets, the inventors became active again. There were a lot of ideas for magnet-based electricity generators, which was the first Michael Brady to patent such an idea even in the 90s.

Michael BradyMichael Brady, 2002

In the video below, you can just see a simple model of a perpetual motion machine, and it can be assembled at home. It is not known how long this thing will spin, but even if you do not take into account the absorption of energy from the measurement, the absorption can only be considered conditionally eternal, because the power of the magnets weakens over time. But look, agree, linger.

Why isn’t he eternal?

Again, physics put everything in its place. In accordance with the law of thermodynamics (“energy does not ignite from nowhere and does not disappear into nowhere, but only reaches one state into another”), in an increasing “non-eternally” engine, mechanical energy reaches thermal energy and vice versa. To achieve the “eternal” status, it must emit more energy than it is reported to, with an efficiency of % it must be right 00 1.

Perpetuum mobile is impossible

All types of real ones. First of all, the efficiency of modern internal combustion engines does not exceed 35, gas turbine – 61%.

A perpetual motion machine is a device where there should be no rubbing parts that drive a mechanical km and a thermal converter. In addition, it must be placed in a vacuum, in a “lubrication”, where there is definitely nothing to interfere with it. work.

Source: Tech Cult

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