The conflict in Ukraine expectedly turned into a tough confrontation between the military actions of the United States and NATO countries with Russia. The situation escalated significantly with the start of the mass use of the Russian Aerospace Forces by kamikaze attack drones in conjunction with cruise missiles of various classes against industrial and random objects. It became obvious in Ukraine that the existing air defense system is not able to reliably protect the country’s facilities, in connection with which its leadership turned to the US administration with the results of the delivery of the Patriot air defense system, and it was satisfied.
Perhaps there is reason to hope that there will be a meeting with the command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the coveted Patriot, and can it compete with the public for the S-300 and S-400 Triumph air defense systems?
From SAM-D to Patriot
With the advent of ballistic missiles in the late 50s, it is planned to create mass media with them. In 1964, the Pentagon announced the development of the SAM-D anti-missile air defense system. However, its future characteristics were not yet fully understood at that time.
Three years later, the contractor for the project, Raytheon, was determined, and in 1969 the first launches took place. The next seven years, the system included changes, including the name – in early 1976 from SAM-D, it was renamed XMIM-104A, and a few months later it finally received its current name – “Patriot”.
TTX SAM “Patriot”In NORAD (Joint US-Canadian Air Defense Command), the first Patriot air defense battery came out only in 1984. From t since to lasts
The composition and performance characteristics of the air defense system “Patriot” RAS-3
The complex includes the interception of aerodynamic (aircraft, missiles) and ballistic targets, including warheads in the passive area, including those made using stealth technologies. In these complexes you:
- Control Center – AN / MSQ-104;
- 8 M901 launchers;
- Anti-aircraft guided missiles – MIM104 A (for aerodynamic targets), MIM 104 B (passive targeting of jammers and radars), MIM 104 C / D / E (for intercepting ballistic targets);
- Autonomous electrostatic AN/MJQ-20;
- Communication means – AN / MCR-137 radio relay stations with antenna-mast applications;
- Auxiliary equipment – transport-loading vehicles, mobile anti-tank equipment, cars and tractors with a lift;
- Means of radio-technical masking.
Detection, tracking of targets, target designation and control of missiles in flight is implemented by the Track-Via-Missile method (“tracking through a missile”) is performed by the AN / MSQ-65 multifunctional radar with a phased antenna array (PAR).
Multifunctional radar AN / MSQ-65Watering targeting, calculation of the effect of pH adjuvant aerial excitation with rebirth changed? The launcher fires synchronously. The fixed launch angle of the rocket is 38 degrees relative to the horizon.
The launched SAM captures the radar signal reflected from the target and transmits it to the command post. The radar encounters two reflected signals – its own and from the missile defense system, after which the ADMC computer, comparing both signals, “builds” the flight path.
Work “Patriot”The complex can track up to 125 targets, while firing only up to 8, including targets flying at a speed of 2. The detection range of warheads of missiles, missiles, fighters and bombers is 70, 100, 130 and 180 m, respectively. The air defense system operates in 25 minutes.
Complex target at an altitude of 60 m to 25 km. Ballistic targets are destroyed at a distance of up to 20 and aerodynamic – 80 km.
anti-aircraft guided missile
Its first version, the Mim-104a “Standard”, received very few days of detection of aircraft – a range of destruction of 7 70 d. The subsequent MIM-104C PAC-2 was already “hunting” for game “with large-ballistic missiles. Improved planya r with ATP + sonabol heads
Launch of the Patriot SAM missilePossessing a standard design, the RAS-2 SAM stands on the inside. The rocket consists of front and rear fairings, guidance compartments, warhead, engine, and control drive.
Specifications:
- Weight (RAS-3/RAS-3 ITU) – 312/373 kg;
- Length – 5200/4826 mm;
- Diameter – 255/300 mm;
- Warhead mass – 90 kg;
- The fuse is non-contact;
- Fuel – dark green;
- the maximum speed of the PAC-2 / PAC-3 is Mach 4.1.
Zr are located on Pskov similar installations m901/902/903, representing themselves as autonseyline. Each launcher is installed and fixed in azimuth at an angle of up to 10 degrees. Precise opening before launch is not required. PU happens at the end of the battery, which includes from 4 to 8 installations. In turn, Batteries can unite into divisions.
Combat use of the Patriot air defense system
The baptism of fire of the complex at the beginning of 1991 during Operation Desert Storm against the Iraqi Air Force was a failure.
An analysis of the project published by MIT professor Theodor Postol showed that of the 40 Scuds launched by Iraq, not one was intercepted. Specifically, a programming error during one of the alleged intercepts resulted in the wounding of an Iraqi missile barracks with alleged Saudi personnel and 28 soldiers were encountered.
Calculation of the Patriot air defense system in Iraq12 years later, during Operation Iraqi Freedom, the use of the Patriot air defense system turned out to be more than common. Then they managed to intercept most of the Iraqi ballistic missiles. True, it was not without incidents. So, as a result of “friendly” fire, a Tornado fighter of the British Air Force was shot down from the calculations. Literally a day later, the pilot of an F-16 fighter jet of the US Air Force mistakenly destroyed the radar of his complex.
As part of the Israel Defense Forces, the Patriot air defense system participated in Operation Protective Edge in 2014, when they managed to capture several UAVs belonging to the Hamas organization. From 2014 to 2018, God had no doubt that a conflict had begun between Syria and Syria.
In the semi-list “Patriot” participation in the conflicts between Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the Yemeni Houthi rebels.
The complex covers the airspace of Jordan, Kuwait, Southern Europe, Morocco, the Netherlands, Qatar, Sweden, Sweden, Spain, Germany, Taiwan, UAE, Poland. It is possible that after the preparation of the calculations, the Patriot air defense system was included in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Russia and the USA: SAM is better
A special military detention operation, where the active spread of air defense was delayed, a discussion that has been re-activated for more than a decade about whether the detection of an air defense system is better – Russian or American. The problem is that air defense systems do not directly confront each other. All respond to efficacy in specific cases with frequent infections.
In early 2010, experts gave the palm to the American “Patriot”. However, with the adoption of the S-300 PM2 Favorit and S-400 Triumph air defense systems, the situation changed to shame.
The S-400 ammunition includes several anti-aircraft guided missiles, the 91 H6E early detection radar detects large targets at a distance of up to 600 km, and medium-range missile units up to 600 km, and medium-range missile units are given 02-02 to 3 to 20. the presence of a high-altitude radar 91L6E, a target detection complex at an altitude of up to 100 km, i.e. already in near space.
The S-400 can operate as part of a layered air defense group. Zr comexa 48n6e (e2, e3) equipped with warheads weighing 145, 150 and 180 k destroy targets from 150 to 250 kn n n
Comparative characteristics of air defense systems of Russia and the USAThe commander’s complex fires up to 80 targets using 160 missiles. Unlike the Patriot air defense system, the S-400 has a vertical launch followed by a turn in the direction of the target.
Against the background of such impressive characteristics, the capabilities of the Patriot air defense system look very modest. The latest versions were found with warheads weighing 91 kg, the fire detection range is limited to 100 km, and in terms of ballistic loads – 20 km at a height of destruction from 100 m to 25 km.
I was not a favor “American” and was on a senior Russian I saw the ball for 15 days. A scandalous episode once again surfaced about its estimated effectiveness, when several Yemeni Houthi rebel drones attacked the Saudi Aramco refinery in Saudi Arabia, which guarded the battery of the Patriot air defense system.
The most active part is taken in the SVO, the Russian system S-300 PM-2 “Favorit” and its “cathedrals” of the military air defense forces – “Tor”, “Buk-M3” and ZRPK “Pantsir-S”, hit all targets without exception targets – aircraft, helicopters, tactical missiles, UAVs, MLRS rockets, including those from HIMARS.
It is obvious that against the latest Russian strategic prrrrrr My ball is not perfect or something new Russian language S-500.
Source: Tech Cult
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