Study Says Stephen Hawking Was Wrong About Extreme Black Holes

Black holes are regions of space so extreme that they can ‘swallow’ everything around their event horizon and nothing can escape. But some black holes are even more peculiar. One example is the electrically charged black hole, which is considered an extreme object. Containing, A team of mathematicians explains that Stephen Hawking was wrong about these extreme objects.

In 1973, Hawking, along with physicists James Bardeen and Brandon Carter, proposed that the existence of supermassive black holes in the universe seemed impossible because there was no plausible explanation for their formation. However, a pair of mathematicians actually proved Stephen Hawking and two colleagues wrong.

In two papers published in the preprint journal arXiv, researchers Christoph Kehle of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Ryan Unger of the University of California, Stanford, explain that the laws of science would allow for the formation of an extreme black hole under ideal conditions. In other words, they argue that Hawking, Bardeen and Carter were wrong about this.

Following Christodoulou and Hawking’s pioneering work on extracting energy from rotating black holes, Bardeen, Carter and Hawking proposed the famous four laws of black hole thermodynamics, similar to classical thermodynamics. The scientists proposed a third law similar to the “Nernst theorem” in classical thermodynamics, specifically allowing the gravity of the black hole’s surface to take over the role of its temperature, a description later confirmed by the discovery of Hawking radiation.

Stephen Hawking and extreme black holes

According to a new paper, scientists claim to have proven that the universe may contain a large number of supermassive black holes waiting for our discovery, but this may not be confirmed. They explain that the third law of black hole thermodynamics proposed by Hawking is not correct..

The fact that there are ingredients in the universe that could cause this reaction doesn’t mean that the universe has actually created an extreme black hole. Researchers have even wondered: If this is something science hasn’t yet been able to observe, imagine how much more there is that we haven’t yet discovered.

So scientists observe that extreme black holes are mathematically possible in the universe. ButIt is important to emphasize that there are no extreme versionsTherefore, it is very important that we continue to study the subject so that we can make new discoveries.

“Subarctic black holes can evolve from regular initial data to become extremal in a finite time. In fact, there are regular single-ended Cauchy data for the charged Einstein-Maxwell scalar field system that undergoes gravitational collapse and forms exactly the Schwarzschild visible horizon; only for the spacetime does a Schwarzschild Reissner-Nordström event horizon form exactly later in time,” the study adds.

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