Russian scientists discovered that the DNA structure in different brain cells is very different; This could help them better control how genes work. For example, “unnecessary” genes are grouped together in neurons, which helps them turn off more efficiently. Scientists have also found that in different types of cells, loops are formed on the DNA in which the necessary genes are concentrated, which can facilitate their activation.
The researchers examined the genome structure in different types of nerve cells in the brain and supporting cells such as astrocytes and microglia. They used glowing markers to isolate different cells, removed their nuclei, and examined the structure of their DNA. Comparing the samples, scientists identified significant differences in genome packaging between different cell types and even between neurons with different functions.
Scientists believe these differences help brain cells more effectively control genes important to their function. Further research in this area may help better understand how these differences in DNA structure affect the development of mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
Source: Ferra
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