They identified a protein that regulates brain cells called neurons. An important aspect of how neurons work is the myelin sheath, which is the insulating membrane around nerves. It provides fast and efficient transmission of electrical impulses in the nervous system.
As we age, myelin sheaths deteriorate, leading to cognitive decline in the elderly.
The researchers turned their attention to the protein Mfsd2a, which carries a lipid containing omega-3 fatty acids to the brain. These acids play an important role in the formation of the myelin sheath.
Genetic mutations in the mfsd2a gene can cause decreased myelin sheath formation and neurological disorders.
In preclinical testing, the scientists found that removal of the Mfsd2a protein from progenitor cells led to insufficient myelination. The absence of Mfsd2a causes a decrease in fatty acids, including omega-3, which impairs the transformation of progenitor cells into myelin-producing cells.
Further research is planned in the future to determine whether omega-3 supplementation can help repair damaged brain axons and possibly improve cognitive function in older adults.
Source: Ferra
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