fregoli syndrome. In this case, the patient believes that different people are actually the same person who just changes their appearance. Often people with this syndrome are sure that this person is watching them. The disorder is named after the Italian actor Leopoldo Fregoli, who was able to quickly change his appearance on stage. It occurs with the use of levodopa for the treatment of Fregoli syndrome, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, brain injury, Parkinson’s disease.
Cotard syndrome. This is a syndrome in which people believe they are dead and do not exist, or that parts of the body are missing. The syndrome is named after neurologist Jules Cotard, who described the condition. Depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are considered risk factors for developing Cotard syndrome. It is also known to occur (albeit rarely) as a side effect of taking the drug acyclovir.
alien hand syndrome. A person with this syndrome appears to have a hand of his own and act autonomously. In other words, the patient feels that the hand does not belong to him. Causes of this syndrome include dementia, strokes, prion disease (a deadly brain disease), tumors, and seizures. There have been similar cases in patients who had surgery to separate the left and right hemispheres of the brain to treat severe epilepsy. According to a 2013 review, only 150 cases of alien hand syndrome can be found in medical journals.
ecbom syndrome. This is a tactile hallucination in which people are sure that they are infected with parasites. Usually these parasites feel like something is crawling on their skin. The syndrome is named after the neurologist Karl Ekbom, who described the condition. Ekbom syndrome has been associated with paranoid schizophrenia, organic brain disease, neurosis, paranoid personality disorder, alcohol withdrawal, cocaine abuse, stroke, dementia, and thalamus lesions.
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. In a person with this syndrome, body image, vision, hearing, touch and space/time perception are impaired. People can see objects smaller than they actually are and see more. Or vice versa. Most often, children and people suffering from migraines are faced with this syndrome.
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Source: Ferra
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