The definition of entropy does not contradict the quantum and thermodynamic theory, the study says

The quantum theory, also called quantum mechanics, is a field of physics that examines the behavior of subatomic atoms and particles to describe phenomena that cannot be explained only by classical physics. The second law of thermodynamics indicates that the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase, which is a reaction that determines the natural aspect of physical processes.

Entropy is a concept that measures the degree of disorder in a system and the disintegration of energy. That is, the higher the entropy, the more dispersed the energy and the less organized. A good example is ice: When it is in the freezer, its molecules are arranged in a crystal structure, in case of low entropy. When removed from the freezer, it absorbs the thermal energy from the environment and increases the irregularity of the system in the case of more entropy.

Although the law of quantum physics and the law of the second thermodynamics is related, the entropy can be seen in this context that it does not comply with the same rule. In quantum mechanics, the entropy of a system seems to remain constant from the mathematical point of view that proposes a visible contradiction.

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According to a study published in Scientific Magazine Prx Quantum, a group of researchers from Vienna Technical University (Tu Wien) proposed a group of researchers in Austria. It balances the laws of quantum physics with the thermodynamic laws without producing any contradiction.

“Entropy is a measure of whether a system is in a special and very special situation, in which case the system has low entropy or in one of the many cases that look more or less, then high entropy,” he said.

Scientists have shown that the visible contradiction between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics depends on the identification of entropy. Under some mathematical approaches, the entropy in quantum systems seems fixed, but It can be defined to maintain its compliance with the second law of thermodynamics..

What is entropy?

With technical terms, entropy is a measure of energy distribution in a system and is the irreversibleness of thermodynamic processes: German physicist Rudolf Clausius invented the term in 1850 to describe the natural tendency of systems to the increasing disorder. The science community also describes the randomness or molecular clutter in a system.

In the development of the concept, Clausius realized that isolated systems tend to transform into larger disorders that naturally reflect the recycling of thermodynamic processes. The term is directly linked to the second law of thermodynamics, This determines that the entropy of an isolated system always increases or at least remains constant.

Imagine that you are preparing a hot coffee cup and left it on a table. Initially, the coffee temperature is higher than that of the environment and the thermal energy is more concentrated. Over time, the heat is transferred from coffee to the air, which increases the disintegration of energy. This process is irreversible and leads to an increase in system entropy (coffee + environment). When the coffee reaches the ambient temperature, the system reaches a thermal equilibrium in which entropy is maximum and there is no more heat flow in the fluid.

In science, as well as defining Disintegration of thermal energy and randomness is used to describe irreversible processes in a system. Turning into an ice sample: melting by placing it on a hot surface and it can turn into steam, increases entropy. But why cannot this process irreversible? Because water does not go back to solid situations.

“To provide a quantitative precaution for the spontaneous change direction, Clausius introduced the concept of entropy as a definite way to express the second law of thermodynamics. The shape of the second law of Clausius states that in an isolated system (that is, it does not change heat with its environment or not work with its environment), it has changed spontaneously in an irreversible process.

Entropy, quantum theory and thermodynamics

According to the study researchers, it is not completely correct to associate with entropy ‘disorder’ because the concept of disorder is subjective. As a result, entropy can be meticulously described with mathematical models. Max Lock, one of the authors, explains that this concept can even help define the direction of time, because the past entropy has increased significantly to the present day.

In quantum theory, Entropy does not behave as expectedBecause it remains the same in both the progress and decline of time: this concept is known as the entropy of von neumann. This means that it cannot be used to define the temporal aspect.

However, the team emphasizes an important point: it is not necessary to measure the entire system as it is possible to analyze a particular feature and investigate entropy. As a whole in the system, entropy may not be evident, but may manifest itself by focusing on a special property. This type of Shannon is called entropy.

“If there is a single possible measurement result that is absolutely realized, Shannon entropy is zero. You will not be surprised by the result, you will not learn anything from it. Florian Meier is one of the working partners.

The study confirms that the second law of thermodynamics also applies to isolated quantum systems. The results show that if a system starts with a low Shannon entropy, this value grows until it reaches a maximum limit and reflects the natural tendency towards increased disorder. In order to observe this behavior, scientists explain that it is necessary to formulate the right questions and use an appropriate definition of entropy, taking into account the characteristics of quantum mechanics.

Entropy is a central concept in thermodynamics because it defines the natural tendency of systems for increasing disorder. In Cosmos, this irreversible growth of this entropy shows that it is an inevitable destination. Do you want to know more? Consider what happened, the opportunity to understand quantum in a simple way. Until next time!