Researchers from Saratov State University have long been studying gall-forming parasites, which are harmful growths on plants. One of the objects of their study was the gall fly (Aulacidea hieracii), which forms galls on the strong hawkweed (Hieracium x sturdyum). Inside these galls, larvae develop and in September enter a hibernation known as diapause. During this period, active processes occur, such as the synthesis of vital carotenoids, which help the larvae prepare for the next stage of development.
The study of gall galls was highlighted by Raman spectroscopy, which allows observation of biochemical processes at the molecular level. It was revealed that active metabolic processes continue even during the larvae’s hibernation, indicating preparation for the next stage of development. However, not all larvae survive diapause, as they become vulnerable to other species of parasites, such as the microscopic wasp Eupelmus mesene, which attacks them at this time of year.
This microscopic wasp has the unique ability to penetrate galls using its ovipositor and lay eggs inside. It also has the ability to “forge” the contents of the gall, creating conditions for eggs to be laid on the surface. The researchers found evidence of an unidentified substance inside the attacked galls, likely used by the wasp as an egg protector. This discovery could have long-term implications for understanding the adaptive strategies of microscopic parasites and their interactions with the environment.
Scientists emphasize that such basic research can have important practical implications for the development of new technologies, including industrial and medical ones. Understanding the biology and behavior of species in ecosystems can also help develop effective strategies to combat environmental problems such as invasive species and climate change.
Source: Ferra
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