The researchers found that positions 11, 18, and 21 in the DNA sequence play a critical role in the editing process. If the “correct” nucleotides are missing at these points, the activity of the enzyme decreases sharply. Impact on these areas allows you to direct the Cas9 enzyme to a precisely defined location, preventing random changes in the genome.
For the experiments, institute staff created a panel of DNA with different segments that form complexes with different degrees of efficiency. These data, when combined with pre-existing research, will help scientists more accurately select target sequences for genome editing.
Source: Ferra
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