In the usual physics, waves and particles are different things and there may be both in the quantum world. For example, a particle may either be “closed” (energy in place) or “spread” (energy continues). Previously, scientists knew the third, intermediate situation, but was accepted as rare and unstable.
A new study has shown that these situations, where energy slowly falls, can emerge according to the law of deterioration and not exponentially, but naturally and without “fine adjustment”. Moreover, they are quite stable.
Scientists explain this with an elastic band example: if you can handcuffs and shake, you can get a fluctuation on the spot (localized state). If you hit it like a whip, you will get a wave walking along the elastic band. However, the intermediate option looks like an average thing: the energy does not disappear immediately, but does not spread completely.
In two -dimensional and three -dimensional systems, it is particularly interesting that such “boundary modes ür is frequently found and depends on the shape of the material.
Source: Ferra
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