It was always expected, but never observed. Here, however, that the physicists at MIT and the Weizmann Institute of Science could see whirlpools from electronic liquid. This is the first observation of electrons flowing in vortices. These are the characteristics that distinguish the hydrodynamic flow. It is now clear that electrons behave like a liquid and not as individual particles.
As early as 2017, Leonid Levitov, a physics professor at MIT, and his team at the University of Manchester had discovered that electrons exhibit fluid-like behavior in graphene. This novelty prompted Levitov to look for other phenomena of electronic fluid. Here, in the new study, physicists attempted to visualize the vortexes of electrons. To succeed, the team used ditelluride from tungsten (WTe2), a new quantum material. It allows electrons to interact strongly and behave like quantum waves.
Then they used one e-beam lithograph and techniques of plasma etch, and eventually they ran current at ultra-low temperatures of 4.5 kelvins. Later they used a nanoscale scanning device (CALAMARI) at one point. It made it possible to see the flow from electrons. The electrons flowed through channels modeled in gold flakes without changing direction. The electrons with the tungsten dithelluride instead flowed through the channel and then rotated in each side chamber. In practice, the electrons made small vortices in each chamber before returning to flow into the main channel.
We saw a change in the flow direction in the rooms, where the flow direction changed from that in the central strip. This is very surprising, and it’s the same physics as ordinary liquids, but it happens with nanoscale electrons. This is a clear sign that the electrons are in a liquid-like regime.
Leonid Levitov, professor of physics at MIT
Source: Lega Nerd
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