Immutable Linux: What is an immutable system and what is it for?

One of the trends that is getting the most attention when it comes to… free operating systems and especially Linux, has to do with immutable systems. Immutability of software. That’s how popular it is Immutable Linux distributions that Ubuntu, the benchmark in this sector, has announced the release of its own immutable version.

But what does it mean immutable system? Why is it becoming fashionable and what is its essence? Main advantages? Is this something that should concern us all, or is it only reserved for a select few? Because immutable Linux systems are designed for servers is one thing, but home desktop versions are also starting to offer the possibility of creating unchangeable setting.

What is an immutable Linux system?

In one sentence. An immutable Linux system is read-only system. That is, you cannot make changes to the operating system. After installation everything remains as it was. Yes, indeed. As a user you can install applicationscreate and save documents, etc. But Basic Linux Components They are unchangeable. It’s more. There are distributions that directly delete changes made after rebooting the computer.

philosophy of Linux and other free operating systems was to have absolute program control. For the average user, this also has its advantages, such as the ability to install what you want and make certain changes, even with the help of a tutorial. And for power users, Linux has always been software make any changes what you could do, in all its components.

But the philosophy behind Immutable Linux change it. The purpose of creating an immutable system is that the most important system files They don’t need changes. Perhaps some security updates, but nothing more. So, to avoid problems, why allow the user to make changes? Therefore this part of Linux be read-only. If you want to install applications, create files or edit them, there are already special folders for this with read and write permissions.

Why do we need an immutable system?

The main argument in favor of an immutable Linux system is that gives more security. That is, if the underlying components are read-only, no one or nothing can change them. Neither the user nor the malware. Of course they already exist user policies and privileges which prevent anyone from installing patches without permission or making changes to Linux that cause problems, but bad permission policy or security hole they can be a problem.

Another added benefit is that immutable Linux should be more stable. As long as you don’t change any of the parts that make this system work on your computer, its performance should be the same as on day one. Of course, you can continue to install apps, games, download files and create your own content. But without adding files to the most sensitive part of Linuxreducing the risk of making changes that slow down or interfere with system operation.

The third big advantage of immutable Linux is ease of maintenance. Both for updating it and for restoring backup copies. Especially if we are talking about five or more teams that need to be supported. The main part of an immutable system is based on image, simple file. This will make things easier in case you have to update one or more computers or if you need to back up other files or the main system itself.

Advantages and disadvantages

As usual, everything has its advantages, but also its disadvantages. An immutable Linux system can be more secure, easier to manage, and more stable. But he also has his weaknesses.

The main drawback has to do with the philosophy that has always prevailed in Linux: flexibility or freedom of access. An immutable system prevents the user from accessing certain files and parts of the system, which takes away a little freedom. For most users this may not be a problem. But many, especially developers, will consider this a disadvantage. Especially those who came to Linux unhappy with the immutability of Windows or macOS.

Another drawback is related to software compatibility. There are applications that need to make changes to system files that are prohibited in immutable Linux. Thus, these applications must adapt to packaging systems such as Flatpack or Snap which minimize this dependence. But not all applications have a special package.

And finally, immutable Linux appears. take up more disk space. Updates are performed using full images instead of downloading individual files. In the long run this increases occupied storage space. Temporarily and in the medium term.

Immutable Linux distributions

Ubuntu was the last to announce its own version of immutable Linux, but the list is extensive. There are already well-known names and new ones. But, as always, the result is this. you have where to choose and according to the needs you want to solve.

• Fedora Silverblue
• Fedora CoreOS
• Ubuntu kernel
• Infinite OS
• Linux container platform
• blendOS
• Talos Linux
• Photon OS
• openSUSE MicroOS
• Vanilla OS

Why did they become fashionable?

The concept of something immutable system is not new. Partially proprietary operating systems such as Windows or macOS already exist. immutable part which the user cannot access unless it is based on settings and changes that require very in-depth knowledge. But if we talk about Linux, there have been immutable distributions for many years. specific use.

A change has occurred in recent years with the advent of immutable Linux distributions. not just a niche and for home desk. The reason for creating immutable systems was to run software development tests and all types of tests in a single manner. controlled, secure and quickly recoverable environment.

And for the most part, one of the reasons why there are more and more immutable systems for home use is growing popularity of cloud systems and especially from software containers. These are solutions that optimize the use of network resources and simplify the management of servers and machines for professional use.

And although they are not very popular in the household sphere, sooner or later they will appear. Some of the immutable Linux distributions specialize in make containers easier to use. This way, you don’t need to hire an external server. You can use a dedicated computer that will require minimal maintenance and what you will have under your control.

Do you need an immutable system on your PC?

Let something be available That doesn’t mean you have to have it.. And common sense is good advice in situations like this. Increase the number of immutable Linux distributions. This doesn’t mean that classic distributions will disappear.. If there’s one thing that characterizes Linux, it’s that there are distributions for all types of audiences. The question is, is it worth taking the step towards immutability?

The answer is that immutable Linux is useful. if you need a high level of security, beyond what regular Linux already offers by default. In fact, immutability is practical in testing environmentssoftware development or special facilities such as cloud computing, embedded systems or servers used for run containers.

The advent of immutable Linux distributions for home computers doesn’t mean you should use them if your goal is to have computer for personal use or for office work. The immutability of the system will not help you much. And if you depend on install games, applications and update themyou will probably have more problems than with standard Linux.