Scientists from Perm Polytechnic University have presented a new way to improve the operation of synchronous motors, which are widely used in the energy sector, industry and aviation to drive mechanisms such as compressors, pumps and mills. A sensorless automatic control system is often used to control these motors, allowing real-time monitoring of rotor position and rotation speed. However, when operating conditions change, legacy systems become unstable and their efficiency decreases. A new approach proposed by Perm scientists solves this problem, increasing the accuracy and reliability of the control system.
To accurately control a permanent magnet synchronous motor, information about the position of its rotor is required. Special sensors are often used for this, but these increase the cost and reduce the reliability of the system. Instead, sensorless systems are used that have a sliding mode observer that calculates rotor position data using current and voltage measurements. However, as the load changes, the efficiency of such systems decreases, which may lead to engine malfunctions.
The new solution of PNRPU scientists is based on an adaptive scheme for the observer, which maintains the stability of the control system even if external conditions change. As Associate Professor Sergei Storozhev explains, an adaptation coefficient was added to the algorithm, which allows taking into account the nature of the load when calculating engine speed. Tests have shown that under normal load, both types of observers work equally well, but when the load increases by 2.5-3 times, the normal observer loses control, while the adaptive observer continues to operate stably, ensuring uninterrupted operation of devices such as generators. pumps and compressors.
Source: Ferra
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