24 years after the opening of the human genome, the team of scientists from National Oncological Research Center (CNIO) presented the equally useful and innovative data collection: DistributionIn this case, all human genes were not classified, but all Scars This remains when these genes are inactivated, and DNA for some reason is damaged.
This is an unprecedented conclusion that can have many applicationsFrom the search Cancer treatment Personalized to improve modern genetic editing methods. Therefore, from today, the division is part The Internet is available for any scientist who needs it.
But what exactly is this distribution? What does the human genome have to do? How did these CNIO scientists get to him? We will gradually answer each of these questions.
The importance of knowledge how to read scars
Our DNA is constantly exposed All types of damageThe field from solar radiation to tobacco to pollution of the environment, alcohol or X -translations, there are many harmful agents for our genetic material that we ourselves.
Fortunately, our cells mechanisms that restore these lossesIn most cases, you do not reach older evil in most cases, but there is always a scar, for example, when pieces of a broken vase stuck or the wound of the operation will close.
These scars depend on many factors, but especially two: The origin of the DNA damage and restoration methodThe field as openers of the division point in its statement, just as we can know if the scar is evaporated from the acute wound or burn, we must be able Know the origin of the scar in DNA. And just as we can know whether the wound is closed alone or using points, we should know the DNA restoration mechanisms used. This and much more can be known thanks to the repair.
What does all this have to do with the human gene?
DNA damage often interrupts the correct functioning of certain genes. Scars that form will largely depend on this. Therefore, these scientists conducted an experiment with such a large number of cells as genes in the human genome.
In each of them Inactivated another gene And, in addition, they caused breaks in DNA through CRISPR. This is a tool that is used in a genetic edition and acts in the same way as scissors. Cut the DNA chains directly in the indicated place. Thus, unwanted fragments can be eliminated or, if necessary, introduce new genes. In this case, all this was requested. Only a cutBecause it imitated to some extent the gaps in the DNA by some of the agents mentioned above.
When cutting DNA, one inactivation of the gene in each cell could see how mutation traces differed, what they call the conversation as scars. They had an idea of schemes of scars that can be obtained by damage to DNA fragments throughout the genome of a person.
What uses knowledge of repairs?
All these cells were studied at the same time, so a large amount of data was obtained, analyzed thanks to the achievements in Computer tools Of those who have in CNIO.
With all this information, you can distinguish scars of almost all possible breakdowns in DNA. And this is useful for many reasons.
To begin with, knowledge of the exact scheme of tears in the DNA of a patient with cancer can help better understand your origin And direct personalized treatment. In the end, although DNA repair, in principle, prevents cancer, when you accumulate, they can give us tips about what led to the fact that the tumor really appeared. In addition, their own Cancer treatment They are based on gaps in DNA of tumor cells. The problem is that they learn to repair these losses, becoming resistant to treatment. Understand how damaged in each case can help Avoid cancer treatment.
Finally, since separation helps us anticipate how cells respond to tears in different DNA sections, CRISPR -based genetic editing methodsThe field sometimes, when DNA is cut out to generate certain modifications, other unexpected effects occur. With knowledge of separation, they can be less and less unexpected.
All this has already paid off in the distribution
Despite the fact that the conclusion about repairs was announced today, these scientists have long tried to know it for a long time. Thus, they made some interesting discoveries. For example, they discovered Mutations associated with kidney cancerAs well as a pattern associated with low conditions of oxygenation (hypoxia) in other tumors. All this can lay the foundations for new oncological methods of treatment in the future. Of course, the discovery of the human genome was a historical milestone, but restoration could also note before and after in the history of science.
Source: Hiper Textual
