For the first time, a team of scientists has compared changes in gene structure and regulation associated with evolution. In total, the researchers analyzed 10,890 genes and 2,972 molecular pathways.
The highest rate of change appeared to be in genes and signaling pathways associated with immunity and response to bacterial infections. If we talk about the slowest pace, the development of the embryo was related to the structural organization of DNA, the basic processes of RNA and protein synthesis according to the “instructions” contained in DNA.
Additionally, scientists have further examined evolutionary changes in key molecular signaling pathways associated with the development of cancer. It turns out that most changes occur at an average pace. At the same time, evolution occurred faster in the Akt pathway, which is associated with cell division, growth, and survival, whereas it was slower in the Hedgehog pathway, which is responsible for cell differentiation.
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Source: Ferra
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